S. 37(1) : Business expenditure-Variation in quality or defective goods–No addition can be made-General expenses–Reduction of expenses–Rent to other companies–Same management– Commission paid to investment companies–Amount cannot be assessed in the hands of the assessee.[S. 4]

S. 37(1) : Business expenditure-Royalty-Disallowance of expenses to extent not attributable to previous year relevant to Assessment year is held to be proper–Entitle to deduction for the period in question.

S. 37(1) : Business expenditure–Right issue–Collaboration agreement–Year of allowability–Held allowable in the year of receipt of bill and approval-Club membership fee-Allowable as business expenditure. [S. 145]

S. 37(1) : Business expenditure-Capital or revenue-Royalty paid as percentage of sales for obtaining technical Know how for setting up new business—Held to be capital expenditure.

S. 37(1) : Business expenditure-Setting up of business and starting commercial activities-Commencement of research and development and construction of factory-Business is set up- Entitled to deduction of operating expenses, financial expenses and depreciation-Appellate Tribunal-Power. [S. 28(i), 32, 254(1)]

S. 36(1)(vii) : Bad debt-Interest allowed–Entitle to claim write off of principal.[S. 36(2)]

S. 36(1)(iii) : Interest on borrowed capital–Production of milk-Loan for setting up joint venture company with Central Government Agency and State Government entity–Allowable as deduction.

S. 36(1)(iii) : Interest on borrowed capital–Commercial expediency-Inter-corporate deposits–Lower rate charged on inter-corporate deposits than that paid -No disallowances can be made. [S. 37(1)]

S. 28(i) : Business loss–Loss on sale of bonds–Held to be business loss.

S. 11 : Property held for charitable purposes–Amount spent on acquisition of capital assets is allowed as application of income for charitable purposes – Depreciation is allowable.[S. 11(2), 32]