S. 10(23G) : Infrastructure undertaking-Long term finance-Interest-Liquidated damages fall within the purview of word interest-Entitle to exemption. [S. 2 (28A)]

S. 10(22) : Educational institution-Institution Should exist solely for educational purposes—Income from educational institution utilised to purchase immovable property in names of members of society—Not entitled to exemption.

S. 9(1)(vi) : Income deemed to accrue or arise in India–Royalty-The insertions of Explanations 5 & 6 to s. 9(1)(vi) by the Finance Act 2015 w.r.e.f. 01.04.1976, even if declaratory and clarificatory of the law, will not apply to the DTAAs. The DTAAs are a bilateral agreement between two Countries and cannot be overridden by a unilateral legislative amendment by one Country–Not liable to deduct tax at source -DTAA- India –Nether lands. [S. 195, Art.]

S. 271AAB : Penalty-Search initiated on or after 1st July, 2012–Levy of penalty is not mandatory – Merely on the basis of surrender the levy of penalty is not justified. As regards cash found in the Couse of search which was not disclosed in the books of account, levy of penalty was confirmed.

S. 254(1) : Appellate Tribunal Powers-Stay-Penalty–Concealment– Quantum appeal pending before Tribunal–AO directed not to pass final penalty order – However, penalty proceedings not stayed. [S. 271(1)(c)]

S. 254(1) : Appellate Tribunal–Powers-Remand with Directions– Consequential enhancement is held to be valid. [R. 8D]

S. 148 : Reassessment–Notice–Return filed in response offering lesser income- Assesse cannot raise fresh independent claims having effect of reducing income already declared. [S. 147]

S. 147 : Reassessment–Reasons recorded mentioned incorrect amount – No reason to believe–Reassessment is held to be bad in law. [S. 148]

S. 147 : Reassessment–After the expiry of four years–No additions sustained on the reasons recorded–Reassessment is bad in law . [S. 148]

S. 145 : Method of accounting-Project Completion Method-Percentage Completion Method-Project completion method is held to be valid- Deletion of addition in respect of advance received from customers is held to be valid. [S. 145(3)]