S. 43B : Deductions on actual payment-Leave encashment-Disallowed earlier years-Settled by filing an application under the Direct Tax Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme, 2024-Allowable as a deduction on a payment basis. [S.43B(f)]

S. 40A(2): Expenses or payments not deductible-Excessive or unreasonable-Gold and precious metals-lower authorities had neither referred to nor relied upon any objective market data to determine the fair value of purchases-Matter was remanded to the file of CIT (A) for fresh adjudication.[S. 40A(2)(a)]

S. 40(a)(ia): Amounts not deductible-Deduction at source-Provision made for future expenditure-Matter remanded to the file of the Assessing Officer for verification. [S. 145]

S. 40(a)(i): Amounts not deductible-Deduction at source-Non-resident –Royalty-Payments made towards internet, broadband and bandwidth charges to foreign parties did not constitute royalty-Not liable to deduct tax at source.[S.9(1)(vi), 195]

S. 40(a)(i) : Amounts not deductible-Deduction at source-Non-resident –Amount paid to a foreign company towards management fees-Tax deducted and deposited-No addition could be made under section 40(a)(i), or the payment can be held to be as unexplained expenditure under section 69C.[S, 69C, 195]

S.37(1): Business expenditure-Site maintenance expenditure-Ad-hoc disallowance of 30 per cent-Disallowance restricted to 10 percent of expenditure.

S.37(1): Business expenditure-Capital or revenue-Licence fee for use of software-Allowable as revenue expenditure.

S.37(1): Business expenditure-Setting up of business-Actual commencement of revenue-generating activity does not have any bearing on determining the date of setting up of business-Expenses incurred after the date of setting up of business are eligible for deduction. [S.28(i)]

S. 37(1): Business expenditure-Unrealised debtors-Write-off-Income offered in the subsequent years when realised-Order of CIT(A) deleting the addition was affirmed.

S. 36(1)(viia): Bad debt-Provision for bad and doubtful debts-Schedule bank-A co-operative bank, eligible for deduction even if it had no rural branches-Long-term finance-Eligible for deduction under section 36(1)(viii).[S. 36(1)(vii)]