S. 80JJAA : Employment of new workmen-Software engineer-Does not discharge supervisory duty is workman-Amendment in section In 2018 is clarificatory and has retrospective effect-Interpretation of taxing statutes-Beneficial provision-Interpretation should be liberal. [Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, S. 2(s)]

S. 80IB(10) : Housing projects-Approval of local authority in the name of Director-Exemption cannot be denied.

S. 40(a)(ia) : Amounts not deductible-Deduction at source-Payment to contractor-Payment of rent-Vehicles on lease for use by employees-No liability to deduct tax under S.194C or under S. 194I of the Act. [S.194C, 194I]

S. 37(1) : Business expenditure-Year of allowability expenditure-Setting up of business setting up of business-Lease agreement-Previous year. [S. 3, 145]

S. 37(1) : Business expenditure-Premium for Keyman Insurance policies-Failure to prove for the purpose of business-Matter remanded to CIT(A). [S.254 (1)]

S. 37(1) : Business expenditure-Clearing and forwarding business-Speed money to port labourers-Trade practice-Self made vouchers-Books of account not rejected-10% ad hoc disallowance is held to be not justified. [S. 145]

S. 37(1) : Business expenditure-Foreign travel expenses-Personal in nature-Disallowance is held to be justified.

S. 36(1)(ii) : Bonus or commission-Commission paid to director-Director paying taxes at maximum marginal rate-Allowable as deduction.

S. 32 : Depreciation-Use of asset for purposes of business-Income need not be earned-Depreciation is allowable-Block of asset-Remand to CIT(A) is held to be justified. [S. 2(11), 254(1)]

S. 13 : Denial of exemption-Trust or institution-Investment restrictions-Exemption cannot be denied to entire income-Denial should be confined to amount diverted for benefit of persons mentioned in S. 13. [S. 11, 13(1)(c)(ii), 13(2)]