S. 144: Best judgment assessment-Arbitrary-Honest and fair estimate.[ S.145(3) ]

S.143(3) : Assessment – Affidavit – When a statement is given in affidavit the same is proved to be correct unless proved otherwise [S.69A, High Denomination Bank Notes (Demonetisations) Ordinance, 1946, Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, S.23 ]

S.143(3): Assessment – Principle of res-judicata- Strictly Res judicata does not apply to income tax proceedings. However, where a fundamental aspect permeating through different assessment years has been found as a fact one way or the other and parties have allowed that position to be sustained by not challenging the order it would not be at all appropriate to allow the position to be changed in a subsequent year [S. 11, 12 ]

. 143(3): Assessment-Natural justice -Denial of opportunity to cross examine witness-Failure to give the assessee the right to cross-examine witnesses whose statements are relied upon results in breach of principles of natural justice. It is a serious flaw which renders the order a nullity. [Central Excise Act, 1944, S.3, Rules 1944, R. 173C)

S.143(3): Assessment – Amalgamation – Date of Amalgamation – Specified in scheme of amalgamation and approved by the Court without specifying any other date – Date specified in scheme should be taken as transfer date. [S. 2(IB), Constitution of India, Art. 226, Companies Act 1956, S. 391, S. 394]

S. 143(2): Assessment – Notice – Failure to issue a notice u/s 143(2) renders the assessment order void even if the assessee has participated in the proceedings – Deeming fiction does not operate to save complete absence of notice. [S. 292BB]

S. 139AA: Return of income – Quoting of Aadhar number – Legislative powers – Provision is held to be valid – Proviso to s. 139AA(2) cannot be read retrospectively as it takes away vested rights. It will only have prospective effect. [Art. 14, 19(1)(g), 21]

S. 133A: Power of survey – Statements recorded during Survey – Evidentiary value – Unexplained investments – Statement obtained under survey would not automatically bind upon the assesse and that it is not conclusive piece of evidence by itself and that section 133A does not empower any Income-tax Officer to examine any person on oath and that solely on the basis of the statement given by one of the partner of the assessee-firm income is not assessable – Addition cannot be made merely on the basis of such statement. [S. 69 ]

S.132: Search and seizure – Constitutional validity – Evidence found in illegal search – Can be used against the person from whose custody it was seized. [S. 135, Rule 112, of the Income-tax Rules, 1962; Constitution of India 1949, Art. 14 , 19]

S. 131 : Power regarding discovery , production of evidence ,etc- Investigation and Enquiry – Summons under Customs Act – Presence of Advocate during interrogation of Petitioner – To be within visible range but beyond hearing range – Advocate must be prepared to be present for every summons made. [Customs Act, 1962 S. 108]