S. 40(a)(ia) : Amounts not deductible-Deduction at source-Royalty-Payments to foreign company for rendering internet private line services-Ambiguity in definition of royalty-Disallowance is not valid-DTAA-India-USA. [S. 9(1)(vi), 9(1))(vii), 195, Art. 12]

S. 40(a)(i) : Amounts not deductible-Deduction at source-Non-resident-Repair and maintenance services-Reimbursement of expenses-No TDS is deductible-DTAA-India-Japan. [S. 9(1)(vii), 19, Art. 12]

S. 40(a)(i) : Amounts not deductible-Deduction at source-Non-resident-Shipping business-As per charging section 172, no liability arises for payment of tax by non-resident receiving payment on time charter basis. [S. 172, 195]

S. 40(a)(i) : Amounts not deductible-Deduction at source-Non-resident-Royalty-For use or right to use of overall ICT infrastructure-Liable to deduct tax at source-Disallowance is justified DTAA-India-Netherlands. [S. 9(1)(vi)(b), 195, Art. 12]

S. 37(1) : Business expenditure-Legal fees-Defending lawsuit filed against it for infringement of patent right-Allowable as revenue expenditure.

S. 37(1) : Business expenditure-Expenditure under (CSR)-Capital or revenue-Allowable as business expenditure.

S. 37(1) : Business expenditure-Carbon Emission reduction-Offered as income in earlier years-Entitle to claim as expenditure if ultimately receipts could not be realized. [S. 4]

S. 37(1) : Business expenditure-Setting up of business-Business of providing information technology application management support services.

S. 37(1) : Business expenditure-Exhibition of tele-serials-expenditure incurred for production of tele-serials-Allowable as revenue expenditure.

S. 37(1) : Business expenditure-Education cess including secondary and higher education cess-Not allowable as deduction.