S. 263 : Commissioner – Revision of orders prejudicial to revenue -Limited Scrutiny – Deemed rental income -Order passed after due enquiry cannot be treated as erroneous and prejudicial to the interests of revenue – PCIT cannot revise assessment to include issues beyond the scope of limited scrutiny (S.143(3), IND AS-115 )

S. 276 : Offences and prosecutions – Removal – Concealment – Transfer –Delivery – Property – Thwart recovery – Offences by companies – Prosecution of directors without impleading company – Not maintainable – Arraignment of company is a condition precedent for prosecuting its directors – Company being the principal offender must first be made an accused – Proceedings against directors alone quashed [S. 278B , 281, CrPC, 1973, S. 482 BNSS, Act , 2023, S. 528 , Negotiable Instruments Act , 1881 , S. 141 ]

S. 92C : Transfer Pricing – Arm’s length price – Avoidance of tax -International transaction – Characterisation of Indian Entity – Limited Risk Distributor -Entrepreneurial Service Provider- Transactional Net Margin Method (TNMM) – Other Method under Rule 10AB – Re-characterisation of Transactions – Royalty Computation – Transfer Pricing Adjustment of ₹444.93 Cr held to be unsustainable .[ R. 10AB ]

S. 276C : Offences and prosecutions – Wilful attempt to evade tax – Failure to pay self-assessment tax along with return – Mere delay in payment of self-assessment tax does not amount to wilful attempt to evade tax – Continuation of prosecution would be abuse of process of law – Complaint quashed and dismissed . [S.139, 140A,143(1), 276C(1), 276(2) ,276B, 278E, 279(1),Art. 227]

S. 254(1) : Appellate Tribunal –Duties – Alleged AI-generated order – Bias apprehension – Transfer of case – Once the ITAT President reassigned the matter to another Bench, writ petition seeking deferment of hearing became infructuous .[Art. 226, 227]

S. 263 : Commissioner – Revision of orders prejudicial to revenue – Special category States – Manufacture of essential oils and perfumery -Assessment without incriminating material – Search assessment – Deduction u/s 80IC – Revisionary power cannot be exercised in respect of completed/unabated assessments in absence of incriminating material – Revision order quashed. [S. 80IC, 132, 143(3), 153A, 153C , 153D]

S. 9(1)(vii) : Income deemed to accrue or arise in India – Fees for technical services (FTS) – Functional Service Agreement – Standardized support services – No managerial, technical or consultancy element – Not taxable as FTS- DTAA – India–Belgium . [S.9(1)(vi)), Art. 12(3)(a), 12(3)(b)]

S. 143(3) : Assessment – Principles of natural justice – Assessment order passed without considering reply to notice u/s 133(6) and by relying on non-existent case law – Artificial Intelligence (AI )- Quasi-judicial authorities cannot rely blindly on results generated by AI tools without independent verification- Breach of natural justice – Alternative remedy – Appeal was filed to avoid limitation- -Assessment quashed and matter remanded [S. 68, 133(6), 144B , 156, 271AAC, 274, Art. 226]