CA (Dr) Vardhaman Jain has dealt with the sensitive topic of the alleged “Trust Deficit” between the Income-tax Department and the taxpayers based on the recent interaction between Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudeo and Shri Pramod Chandra Mody, the Chairman of the CBDT. The learned author has provided his own insights into what has led to the deficit and has offered valuable suggestions on what the two parties can do to bridge the same. He has also dilated on the role that professionals can play in the process

This is with reference to a recent webinar addressed by Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudeo which saw the participation of Shri Pramod Chandra Mody, Chairman of Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) among other tax administrators and tax professionals. During the course of the webinar, the Chairman asked a question to Sadhguru which went something like this, “How do you bridge the trust deficit between the tax payer and the government?

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Gaurav-JainAdvocate Gaurav Jain has raised convincing arguments on the controversial question whether undisclosed income or undisclosed assets earned/acquired prior to the assessment year 2016-17 are covered by The Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015. He has explained why, on a plain interpretation of the statutory provisions, the Act cannot be regarded as being retrospective or retroactive in operation. He has argued that if a contrary view is taken, the Act would fall foul of Article 20(1) of the Constitution

With an intent to tax illegitimate / undisclosed foreign income and assets earned / acquired outside India by residents of India, the Central Government had enacted The Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015 (hereinafter referred to as “Black Money Law or the Act”) which received assent of the President on 26th May, 2015.

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Advocate Kapil Goel has dealt with the various legal and procedural aspects of reopening of assessments under sections 147 and 148 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. He has referred to all the important judgements on the principles of natural justice and explained how its non-observance by the AO can prove fatal to the reassessment. He has also prepared a check-list of the manner in which taxpayers should respond to a reopening notice. Practical suggestions regarding the correspondence with the Department have also been offered

Tax Friends from Mumbai, Tax Practitioners Association thane, Bhiwandi Tax Practitioners Association, Income tax Bar Association, Varanasi legal Relief Society Kolkata, Income tax Bar association Prayagraj have arranged a Webinar on   May 20, 2020 11:30 to 1:15 PM to discuss the subject on Applicability of Natural Justice and other issues in ReassessmentBy Advocate Kapil Goel, Delhi.

Introductory remarks by Dr. K. Shivaram, Senior Advocate, Chairman of the session. 

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Sameer-Bhatia Advocate Sameer Bhatia has conducted an in-depth study of The Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015 and explained its provisions. He has also explained the interplay between this Act and the Income-tax Act and the similarity and differences in their provisions. He has also dealt with the important question whether the said Act can be regarded as being discriminatory in nature

Prologue

The Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax act, 2015 (Act No.22 of 2015) in short the Black Money Act (BMA) came into force with effect from 01st July, 2015 i.e. the appointed date substituted for 01st April, 2016 by the Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act (Removal of Difficulties) Order, 2015. It is indeed a comprehensive and exhaustive code dealing with the facets of undisclosed foreign income and assets besides undisclosed assets held by the assessees and located outside India with the intent to bring the same within the tax net. A large section of the provisions contained in the BMA inherently refer to the Income Tax Act, 1961 for enforcing attending circumstances leading to assessment/re-assessment. The basic purport was to tackle the menace of money stashed and stockpiled abroad and to bring home the tax due in respect of undisclosed foreign income and assets located outside India with specific reference to the jurisdictions popularly stamped as tax heavens or cooperative/non-cooperative tax jurisdictions. Akin to its principle code i.e. the Income Tax Act, 1961, the BMA also incorporates provisions pertaining to assessment or reassessment for which the due recourse can be made to the provisions of section 10.

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PC-YadavAdvocate P. C. Yadav has explained the concept of “Most Appropriate Method” as referred to in section 92C of the Income-tax Act, 1961 read with Rule 10C of the Income-tax Rules. He has collated all the important judgements on the subject and pointed out the various factors that a taxpayer has to take into account while choosing one of the several methods to benchmark his international transaction and prove that it is at arm’s length

Most Appropriate Method- As per the discussions made in various case laws and rules of the Income Tax Rules:- In selecting most appropriate method the following factors shall be taken into account

What method is to be applied or what method not to be applied is always a point of dispute in transfer pricing matters. The undersigned has tried to analyse this issue in the light of relevant provisions of law and recent development of case laws. It is my humble request to the readers of this note that if they think that I have missed certain things or case laws then they please update me so that I can improve my note.

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Advocate Sukhsagar Syal has formulated the proposition that every assessee has a vested right to file an appeal and to obtain a stay of demand and that this right cannot be taken away by an amendment to the Act. He has argued that consequently the amendment to section 254 of the Income-tax Act (which takes away the Tribunal’s absolute power to grant stay) will apply only to those cases where the assessment order is passed on or after 1st April, 2020. In all other cases, the Tribunal will continue to hold the power of granting stay of demand without any restriction. He has supported his proposition with an extensive reference to several case laws

1. Finance Act, 2020 has inter alia amended the provisions of section 254 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (‘the Act’) to dilute, the hitherto absolute, stay granting powers of the the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (‘the Tribunal’). The first proviso to sub-section (2A) of section 254 has been amended to provide that the Tribunal may grant a stay of demand subject to the condition that at least twenty percent of the tax, interest, fee, penalty, or any other sum payable under the Act is deposited or a security of an equal amount is furnished. Similarly, the second proviso of the same sub-section has been amended to provide that an extension of stay shall not be granted unless the condition referred to in the first proviso has been met with. 

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CA. Pankaj AgrwalThe question as to whether the Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988, as amended by the Benami Transactions (Prohibitions) Amendment Act, 2016, is prospective or retrospective is of vital importance to the several proceedings which are presently pending before the authorities. CA. Pankaj Agrwal has applied his mind to all the arguments and counter-arguments advanced by the contesting parties and expressed his opinion on the topic

An issue is being discussed as to applicability of the the Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988 as amended by the Benami Transactions (Prohibitions) Amendment Act, 2016 which got assent of the President of India on 10th August 2016 and came into force from 1st November 2016. In several webinars being conducted by various professional forums, and articles published, the discussion centres around whether the amendment Act is prospective or retrospective.  There are conflicting judgements also from various High Courts. One of such judgements is of the Kolkatta High Court in Ganpati Dealcom Pvt. Ltd. which held the law to be prospective, but has been stayed in its operation to that extent by the Hon’ble Supreme Court.  All these decisions are generally by way of writ to stall the proceedings initiated by Initiating officer, and the focus of the arguments has been whether the law is prospective or retrospective. The nature of amendments which are large in number and are changing the colour and texture of the pre-amended Act is having wider ramifications. In such discussions, and decisions, the change in definition of ‘benami transactions’ having wider repercussions is not being generally discussed.   

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Section 271AAD of the Income-tax Act, 1961, which was inserted by the Finance Act 2020, levies penalty for making a false entry or omission of an entry in the books of accounts. CA Rohit Kapoor has conducted a critical analysis of the provision and explained all of its nuances. He has also dealt with the various possibilities that can arise in day-to-day life and explained in a precise manner what the impact of the provision can be upon taxpayers

Introduction

This section was inserted by Finance Act, 2020 relating to penalty for false entry or omission of entry in the books of accounts. This section belongs to the family of penalty and is part of chapter XXI of Income Tax Act, 1961. The penalty u/s 271AAD can be imposed parallel with other penal provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961. The rationale behind the amendment was to stop fake invoices and other mal-practices and the same has been explained in the memorandum clause 98 of Finance Bill, 2020. The Hon’ble Finance Minister in her speech at para 6.8 has also stated that “To discourage taxpayers to manipulate their books of accounts by recording false entries including fake invoices to claim wrong input credit in GST, it is proposed to provide for penalty for these malpractices”. There was parallel amendment in CGST Act by inserting a sub-section (1A) to section 122.

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CA Rajat Powar has pointed out that section 80P of the Income-tax Act, 1961, which confers a deduction upon co-operative societies, is a hotbed of perennial litigation between taxpayers and the Department. Though there are a plethora of judgements on each point, they are often contradictory and confusing. The author has used his expertise in the subject and explained the relevant statutory provisions and judicial precedents with utmost clarity

Co-operative societies have played a major role in economic development of India. Forming a co-operative society is now a fundamental right under Article 19(1)(i) of the Constitution of India. Sec 80P of the Income Tax Act provides deduction to certain co-operative society in respect of its income. Sec 80P was introduced so as to encourage and strengthen the co-operative development in the country. Sec 80P (2)(a)(i) contained therein provides deduction to co-operative societies engaged in business of banking or providing credit facilities to its members. Sec 80P (4) inserted by Finance Act 2006 provides that the said deduction shall not be available in respect of Co-operative Banks. After the decision of the Apex Court in the case of Citizen Co-operative Credit Society, the deduction was denied to many co-operative societies after relying on the said judgment. Also there are contradictory judgments of the judiciary both in the favor of and against the assessee and the issue is currently pending before the Supreme Court for adjudication. This issue regarding eligibility of deduction u/s 80P has remained a contentious issue and has been a subject matter of litigation. The Author tries to analyze the relevant provisions and precedents.

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CA Manoj Kumar has raised the innovative argument that the disallowance under section 43B r.w.s 36(va) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 in respect of non-payment of Provident Fund, ESI etc within the due date is not intended to cover genuine and routine cases of late payment but only those where the employer has misutilized the funds. He has also argued that in any event the issue is debatable and the CPC has no jurisdiction under section 143(1)(a) to make a adjustment. He has relied on several judgements to support his arguments. A pdf copy of the article is available for download

Both section 43B and Section 36 are restrictive in nature and allow the deductibility of the expenditure on completion of certain conditions.

The author by this article has tried to analyze the allowability of employee contribution to EPF and ESI on late deposit which is governed by  36(va) under the Income Tax Act.

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