Advocate Aditya Ajgaonkar lauds the Benami Property (Prohibition) Amendment Act, 2016 for providing a strong institutional framework for fighting the menace of black money. He states that the amendment has comprehensively set out a mechanism not only for fast detection and investigations but also for effective and speedy dispute resolution and prosecution. He has explained all the salient features of the Amendment in a succinct manner
An economic offence has multiple layers to it. The commission of a criminal act for pecuniary gains is merely the tip of the proverbial iceberg. A parallel economy largely run by anti-social elements or their agents often involves a copious number of cash transactions. However, the enjoyment of such illicit money is severely curtailed. The process of converting the proceeds of crime (black money) into legitimate money (white money) that can be freely used is called money laundering. A typical money laundering operation consists of three stages namely placement, layering and integration. In a country like India where poverty and illiteracy are still rampant, ‘Benami’ transactions have historically been perceived as an effective method to both conveniently hide as well as launder illicit money. Typically ‘Benami’ transactions especially in the guise of property and real estate are not only effective in the placement and layering process of money laundering but due to reduced rates of taxation on capital gains (subject to the provisions of Sections 45 to 55 of the Income-tax Act) and the tax exempt nature of sale of agricultural land (subject to the provisions of Sec. 2(14)(iii)of the Income-tax Act) have also been seen as the most ‘Tax effective’ means of integrating the laundered money back into the economy. Many scholars and studies show that mere punishment is not a sufficient deterrent for the commission of crime. The underlying principle behind control of crime in modern day jurisprudence is not to merely put in place an effective machinery to curb and punish crime, but to minimise or eliminate the underlying profit objective.