ITO vs. Arihant Tiles & Marbles (Supreme Court)

Cutting & polishing marble blocks is “production” for s. 80-IA

The assessee was engaged in conversion of marble blocks into slabs and tiles by sawing and polishing. The question was whether this amounts to “manufacture or production of article or thing” for purposes of deduction u/s 80IA. HELD, deciding in favour of the assessee:

(i) The word “production” is wider in its scope than the word “manufacture”. It means manufacture plus something in addition thereto. This ground reality is now noted in s. 2(29BA) inserted by Finance Act, 2009 w.e.f 1.4.2009. In Lucky Minmat 245 ITR 830 (SC), it was held that mere mining of limestone and marble and cutting the same before it was sold will not constitute “manufacture” or “production” but conversion into lime and lime dust could constitute the activity of manufacturing or production. In Aman Marble Industries 157 ELT 393 (SC) it was held that cutting of marble blocks into marble slabs was not “manufacture” but the Court was not concerned whether there was “production”.

(ii) While mere extraction of stones and its cutting into slabs may not constitute manufacture the activity of polishing and conversion of blocks into polished slabs and tiles amounts to “manufacture” or “production” because the conversion of blocks into polished slabs and tiles results in emergence of a new and distinct commodity. There is accordingly “manufacture or production” for s. 80-IA

(iii) If the contention of the Department that the activity undertaken by the assessee is not manufacture is to be accepted there would be serious and disastrous revenue consequences because the assessees would plead that they were not liable to pay excise duty, sales tax etc. because the activity did not constitute manufacture.