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DATE: May 1, 2018 (Date of pronouncement)
DATE: August 17, 2018 (Date of publication)
AY: 1984-85
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S. 37(1)/145(2): Entire law on accrual of liability under mercantile system of accounting explained in the context of Accounting Standard 4 (AS-4) (contingencies and events occurring after the balance sheet date) issued by the ICAI and s. 211 of the Companies Act, 1956, after referring to all important judgements of the Supreme Court and High Courts

While the judgment in Challapalli Sugars Ltd is that of a two Judge bench of the Supreme Court, the judgment in Tutirorin Alkali Chemicals and Fertilizers Ltd is that of a three Judge bench of the Supreme Court. As the judgment in Challapalli Sugars Ltd was noticed by the Supreme Court, in its subsequent judgment in Tutirorin Alkali Chemicals and Fertilizers Ltd, the law declared in Challapalli Sugars Ltd, as explained in the subsequent judgment of the Supreme Court in Tutirorin Alkali Chemicals and Fertilizers Ltd, is binding on this Court. The law declared in Challapalli Sugars Ltd, as explained in Tutirorin Alkali Chemicals and Fertilizers Ltd, is that, in the absence of a provision in the Income-tax Act indicating the contrary, the rules of accountancy or the Accounting Standards framed by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India can be adopted.

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DATE: December 22, 2017 (Date of pronouncement)
DATE: January 29, 2018 (Date of publication)
AY: 2012-13
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S. 145(2): Law on how revenue should be recognized by a developer of property under the “percentage completion method” in the light of Accounting Standards AS-1, AS-7 & AS-9, the Guidance Note on Accounting for Real Estate Transactions issued by the ICAI and several judgements on the issue explained

As per AS 7, the recognition of revenue and expenses by reference to the stage of completion of a contract is often referred to as the percentage completion method. Under this method, contract revenue is matched with the contract costs incurred in reaching the stage of completion, resulting in the reporting of revenue, expenses and profit which can be attributed to the proportion of work completed

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DATE: November 8, 2017 (Date of pronouncement)
DATE: November 11, 2017 (Date of publication)
AY: -
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S. 145(2) ICDS: S. 145 (2) has to be read down to restrict power of the Central Government to notify ICDS that do not seek to override binding judicial precedents or provisions of the Act. If s. 145 (2) is not so read down it would be ultra vires the Act and Article 141 read with Article 144 and 265 of the Constitution. The ICDS which overrule the provisions of the Act, the Rules thereunder and the judicial precedents applicable thereto, are struck down as ultra vires the Act. To that extent, Notification Nos. 87 and 88 dated 29.09.2016 and Circular No. 10 of 2017 issued by the CBDT are also held to be ultra vires the Act and struck down as such

Section 145 (2), as amended, has to be read down to restrict power of the Central Government to notify ICDS that do not seek to override binding judicial precedents or provisions of the Act. The power to enact a validation law is an essential legislative power that can be exercised, in the context of the Act, only by the Parliament and not by the executive. If Section 145 (2) of the Act as amended is not so read down it would be ultra vires the Act and Article 141 read with Article 144 and 265 of the Constitution. The ICDS is not meant to overrule the provisions of the Act, the Rules thereunder and the judicial precedents applicable thereto as they stand. ICDS I which does away with the concept of ‘prudence’ is contrary to the Act and binding judicial precedents and is therefore unsustainable in law.

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DATE: March 6, 2017 (Date of pronouncement)
DATE: March 10, 2017 (Date of publication)
AY: 2009-10
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S. 145: The average cost method of valuing inventories is an accepted method of valuation approved by the accounting standards issued by the ICAI. The AO is not entitled to disregard the method if the assessee has consistently followed the method

The Assessing Officer sought to question the method of accounting only because the assessee has not been regularly following the same or the income is not computed in accordance with the standards notified under subsection (2). We do not find that there was any material with regard to the standards and notified. It is only whether the assessee was consistent in following the method of accounting provided in subsection (1) of Section 145 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. If that is the other eventuality in which the Assessing Officer derives his power in terms of Section 145, then, in para 12 the Tribunal has found that the assessee has maintained proper books of account. No defect has been pointed out by the Assessing Officer either in the purchases or in the sales

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