Further to the press release dated 11th July 2018 of the Ministry of Finance, the CBDT has issued Circular No 3/2018 dated 11th July 2018 by which the precise scope of the move to withdraw low tax effect appeals has been explained. In particular, the CBDT has explained the meaning of the term “tax effect”. It has also been considered whether the decision to withdraw appeals which are below the specified limits should be given prospective or retrospective effect. The exceptions to when appeals can be contested even when they are below the prescribed limits are also clearly specified.
Circular No. 3/2018
F No 279/Misc. 142/2007-ITJ (Pt)
Government of India
Ministry of Finance
Department of Revenue
Central Board Direct Taxes
New Delhi the 11th July, 2018Subject: Revision of monetary limits for filing of appeals by the Department before Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, High Courts and SLPs/appeals before Supreme Court-measures for reducing litigation-Reg.
Reference is invited to Board’s Circular No. 21 of 2015 dated 10.12.2015 wherein monetary limits and other conditions for filing departmental appeals (in Income-tax matters) before Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, High Courts and SLPs/ appeals before Supreme Court were specified.
2. In supersession of the above Circular, it has been decided by the Board that departmental appeals may be filed on merits before Income Tax Appellate Tribunal and High Courts and SLPs/ appeals before Supreme Court keeping in view the monetary limits and conditions specified below.
3. Henceforth, appeals/ SLPs shall not be filed in cases where the tax effect does not exceed the monetary limits given hereunder:
S. No. Appeals/ SLPs in Income-tax matters Monetary Limit (Rs.)
1. Before Appellate Tribunal 20,00,000
2. Before High Court 50,00,000
3. Before Supreme Court 1,00,00,000It is clarified that an appeal should not be filed merely because the tax effect in a case exceeds the monetary limits prescribed above. Filing of appeal in such cases is to be decided on merits of the case.
4. For this purpose, ‘tax effect’ means the difference between the tax on the total income assessed and the tax that would have been chargeable had such total income been reduced by the amount of income in respect of the issues against which appeal is intended to be filed (hereinafter referred to as ‘disputed issues). Further, ‘tax effect’ shall be tax including applicable surcharge and cess. However, the tax will not include any interest thereon, except where chargeability of interest itself is in dispute. In case the chargeability of interest is the issue under dispute, the amount of interest shall be the tax effect. In cases where returned loss is reduced or assessed as income, the tax effect would include notional tax on disputed additions. In case of penalty orders, the tax effect will mean quantum of penalty deleted or reduced in the order to be appealed against.
5. The Assessing Officer shall calculate the tax effect separately for every assessment year in respect of the disputed issues in the case of every assessee. If, in the case of an assessee, the disputed issues arise in more than one assessment year, appeal can be filed in respect of such assessment year or years in which the tax effect in respect of the disputed issues exceeds the monetary limit specified in para 3. No appeal shall be filed in respect of an assessment year or years in which the tax effect is less than the monetary limit specified in para 3. In other words, henceforth, appeals can be filed only with reference to the tax effect in the relevant assessment year. However, in case of a composite order of any High Court or appellate authority, which involves more than one assessment year and common issues in more than one assessment year, appeals shall be filed in respect of all such assessment years even if the tax effect is less than the prescribed monetary limits in any of the year(s), if it is decided to file appeal in respect of the year(s) in which tax effect exceeds the monetary limit prescribed. In case where a composite order/judgement involves more than one assessee, each assessee shall be dealt with separately.
6. Further, where income is computed under the provisions of section 115J13 or section 115JC, for the purposes of determination of ‘tax effect’, tax on the total income assessed shall be computed as per the following formula-
(A — B) + (C D) where,
A = the total income assessed as per the provisions other than the provisions contained in section 115JB or section 115JC (herein called general provisions);
B = the total income that would have been chargeable had the total income assessed as per the general provisions been reduced by the amount of the disputed issues under general provisions;
C = the total income assessed as per the provisions contained in section 115JB or section 115JC;
D = the total income that would have been chargeable had the total income assessed as per the provisions contained in section 115JB or section 1I5dCwas reduced by the amount of disputed issues under the said provisions:However, where the amount of disputed issues is considered both under the provisions contained in section 115JB or section 115JC and under general provisions, such amount shall not be reduced from total income assessed while determining the amount under item D.
7. In a case where appeal before a Tribunal or a Court is not filed only on account of the tax effect being less than the monetary limit specified above, the Pr. Commissioner of Income-tax/ Commissioner of Income Tax shall specifically record that “even though the decision is not acceptable, appeal is not being filed only on the consideration that the tax effect is less than the monetary limit specified in this Circular”. Further, in such cases, there will be no presumption that the Income-tax Department has acquiesced in the decision on the disputed issues. The Income-tax Department shall not be precluded from filing an appeal against the disputed issues in the case of the same assessee for any other assessment year, or in the case of any other assessee for the same or any other assessment year, if the tax effect exceeds the specified monetary limits.
8. In the past, a number of instances have come to the notice of the Board, whereby an assessee has claimed relief from the Tribunal or the Court only on the ground that the Department has implicitly accepted the decision of the Tribunal or Court in the case of the assessee for any other assessment year or in the case of any other assessee for the same or any other assessment year, by not filing an appeal on the same disputed issues. The Departmental representatives/counsels must make every effort to bring to the notice of the Tribunal or the Court that the appeal in such cases was not filed or not admitted only for the reason of the tax effect being less than the specified monetary limit and, therefore, no inference should be drawn that the decisions rendered therein were acceptable to the Department. Accordingly, they should impress upon the Tribunal or the Court that such cases do not have any precedent value and also bring to the notice of the Tribunal/ Court the provisions of sub section (4) of section 268A of the Income-tax Act, 1961 which read as under :
“(4) The Appellate Tribunal or Court, hearing such appeal or reference, shall have regard to the orders, instructions or directions issued under sub-section (1) and the circumstances under which such appeal or application for reference was filed or not filed in respect of any case.”
9, As the evidence of not filing appeal due to this Circular may have to be produced in courts, the judicial folders in the office of Pr.CsIT/ CsIT must be maintained in a systemic manner for easy retrieval.
10. Adverse judgments relating to the following issues should be contested on merits notwithstanding that the tax effect entailed is less than the monetary limits specified in para 3 above or there is no tax effect:
(a) Where the Constitutional validity of the provisions of an Act or Rule is under challenge, or
(b) Where Board’s order, Notification, Instruction or Circular has been held to be illegal or ultra fires, or
(c) Where Revenue Audit objection in the case has been accepted by the Department, or
(d) Where the addition relates to undisclosed foreign assets/ bank accounts.
11. The monetary limits specified in para 3 above shall not apply to writ matters and Direct tax matters other than Income tax. Filing of appeals in other Direct tax matters shall continue to be governed by relevant provisions of statute and rules. Further, in cases where the tax effect is not quantifiable or not involved, such as the case of registration of trusts or institutions under section 12A/ 12AA of the IT Act, 1961 etc., filing of appeal shall not be governed by the limits specified in para 3 above and decision to file appeals in such cases may be taken on merits of a particular case.
12. It is clarified that the monetary limit of Rs. 20 lakhs for filing appeals before the ITAT would apply equally to cross objections under section 253(4) of the Act. Cross objections below this monetary limit, already filed, should be pursued for dismissal as withdrawn/ not pressed. Filing of cross objections below the monetary limit may not be considered henceforth. Similarly, references to High Courts and SLPs/ appeals before Supreme Court below the monetary limit of Rs. 50 lakhs and Rs. 1 Crore respectively should be pursued for dismissal as withdrawn/ not pressed. References before High Court and SLPs/ appeals below these limits may not be considered henceforth.
13. This Circular will apply to SLPs/ appeals/ cross objections/ references to be filed henceforth in SC/HCs/Tribunal and it shall also apply retrospectively to pending SLPs/ appeals/ cross objections/references. Pending appeals below the specified tax limits in pare 3 above may be withdrawn/ not pressed.
14. The above may be brought to the notice of all concerned.
15. This issues under Section 268A of the Income-tax Act 1961.
16. Hindi version will follow.
(Neetika Bansal)
Director (ITJ),
CBDT, New Delhi.
Prospective or Retrospective ?
The possibility of the directive from the highest executive authority being mistaken by the lower authorities and proceeding to implement in a manner adverse to taxpayers cannot be ruled out. Hence better clarity should help.
To ADD: As underlined, these are “measures for reducing litigation-Reg.” And,as said, – “CBDT Circular Explains Precise Scope Of Decision TO WITHDRAW Low Tax Effect Appeals Of Dept” (FONT supplied); albeit, in many contexts the circular talks of ‘filing’ of appeals, and the like.
Hence, apparently,it might be prudent for the CBDT to make it amply clear, beyond doubt,that the directions given are intended to /should be acted upon also retrospectively; that is also in respect of appeals, etc.,already filed but pending at whatever stage. Lest, the very objective of the Directive is likely to be miserably defeated, pathetically resulting in/deplorably leading to a fresh spate of litigation, unintended though!
Hope the CBDT is listening !
3.Henceforth,…..
…IT IS CLARIFIED THAT AN APPEAL SHOULD NOT BE FILED MERELY BECAUSE THE TAX EFFECT IN A CASE EXCEEDS THE MONETARY LIMITS PRESCRIBED ABOVE. FILING OF APPEAL IN SUCH CASES IS TO BE DECIDED ON MERITS OF THE CASE.”
(FONT supplied for special focus on)
In order to taking a decision ‘on merits of the case’ as indicated, the principal criterion / special focus, for obvious reasons,must be on previous adjudication by court (S) on point(s) of issue (PRECEDENT), if that be on all fours with the factual matrix in the given case. And,depending on the quantum, should that be quite significant, any such decision should preferably be taken,-again depending on the stage of appeal,- in consultation with the govt. law officers, top most among them being the Advocate General.
Any eminent and really useful thoughts to share for the laudable intended purpose of avoiding /obviating inconclusive /protracted litigation from an overall viewpoint ?
will this be retrospective or only prospective ?
need clarification on whether this is prospective or it is also retrospective
Good call businessmen/ assessed but not for professionals deals with litigation in taxation.
The above circular though beneficial for the assessees suffering for genuine reasons, it is more beneficial for the heads of department. See how:
1. From FY 2015-16 the scope of scrutiny assessments had been revised as to cases selected by CPC, cases reopened u/s 148 with the approval of Pr. CIT, cases of survey and Search & Seizure operations.
2. In the cases of CPC selected cases the points of verification are limited and there would be no cases of that much magnitude.
3. In cases reopened u/s 147 the Pr.CIT or other higher authorities had to apply their minds for giving permission are saved from disciplinary actions purported by the Chairman, CBDT.
4. In cases of survey and Search & Seizure operations the evidences gathered to a tax effect up to such limits will become infructuous.
5. Does the CBDT not take these factors into consideration.